doc/start/os-recommendations.rst
Rama main · réplica de lectura del repositorio original.
.. _os-recommendations:
====================
OS Recommendations
====================
.. meta::
:description: The operating systems, kernels, and container hosts on which each Ceph release is built and tested.
:ceph-page-type: reference
The Linux distributions, kernels, and container hosts on which each Ceph
release is built and tested.
.. _start-platforms:
Platforms
=========
Ceph runs on any Linux distribution with a supported kernel and
``systemd``; only the distributions below get packages and testing.
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Distribution | Distribution EOL | Squid (19.2.z) | Tentacle (20.2.z) | Umbrella (21.x) | Vampire (22.x) | W (23.x) | X (24.x) |
| | | EOL: Oct 2026 | EOL: Jun 2027 | EOL: May 2028 | EOL: May 2029 | EOL: May 2030 | EOL: May 2031 |
+================+=========================+================+===================+=================+================+================+================+
| CentOS 9 | `May 2027 <CentOS_>`_ | A | A | Ae | | | |
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Rocky 10 | `May 2035 <Rocky_>`_ | | A in v20.2.2 | A | A | A | A |
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Rocky 11 | May 2038* | | | | | | A |
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Debian 12 | `Jun 2028 <Debian_b_>`_ | C | C | C | | | |
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Debian 13 | `Jun 2030 <Debian_t_>`_ | | | C | C | C | C |
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Ubuntu 22.04 | `May 2027 <Ubuntu_>`_ | A | A | A | | | |
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Ubuntu 24.04 | `May 2029 <Ubuntu_>`_ | | A in v20.2.5 | A | A | A | |
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Ubuntu 26.04 | `May 2031 <Ubuntu_>`_ | | | | A | A | A |
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Ubuntu 28.04 | Jun 2033* | | | | | | A |
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| MS Windows | Varies | D | D | D | D | D | D |
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
**Table legend:**
- **A**: Ceph provides packages and has done comprehensive tests on the software in them.
- **C**: Ceph provides packages only. No tests have been done on these releases.
- **D**: Client packages are available from an external site but are not maintained or tested by the core Ceph team.
- **Ae**: CentOS 9 Stream is expected to reach EOL before Umbrella does; after that no new Umbrella RPMs are built for it. Move to Rocky 10 or another supported distribution first.
.. note:: Dates marked with * and columns for future releases are anticipated, not final.
.. warning:: Starting with CentOS 10 Stream and onwards, CentOS will no longer be built for or tested on by the upstream Ceph project.
Container Hosts
---------------
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Distribution | Distribution EOL | Squid (19.2.z) | Tentacle (20.2.z) | Umbrella (21.x) | Vampire (22.x) | W (23.x) | X (24.x) |
| | | EOL: Oct 2026 | EOL: Jun 2027 | EOL: May 2028 | EOL: May 2029 | EOL: May 2030 | EOL: May 2031 |
+================+=========================+================+===================+=================+================+================+================+
| CentOS 9 | `May 2027 <CentOS_>`_ | H | H | H | | | |
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Rocky 10 | `May 2035 <Rocky_>`_ | | H in v20.2.2 | H | H | H | H |
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Rocky 11 | May 2038* | | | | | | H |
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Ubuntu 22.04 | `May 2027 <Ubuntu_>`_ | H | H | H | | | |
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Ubuntu 24.04 | `May 2029 <Ubuntu_>`_ | | H in v20.2.5 | H | H | H | |
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Ubuntu 26.04 | `May 2031 <Ubuntu_>`_ | | | | H | H | H |
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Ubuntu 28.04 | Jun 2033* | | | | | | H |
+----------------+-------------------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
**Table legend:**
- **H**: Ceph tests its container image with this distribution as the host. The image is built on Rocky 10 from Umbrella onwards, and on CentOS 9 Stream before that; see Container Base Image.
.. _umbrella-container-base-image:
Container Base Image
====================
Since Umbrella the container image is built on Rocky Linux 10 (CentOS 9
Stream before that). The host does not need to run Rocky 10; any
distribution marked H above works.
Rocky Linux 10 requires the x86-64-v3 microarchitecture level, so on the x86
architecture the container image runs only on CPUs that support x86-64-v3,
whatever distribution the host runs. For the first CPU generations that
support it, see :ref:`CPU and Memory Sizing <hardware-cpu>`.
.. note:: ARM architecture containers provide a limited set of daemons.
Check that the daemons you need are available before you plan an ARM
deployment.
.. _linux-kernel:
.. _ceph-dependencies:
Kernel Version for Clients
==========================
.. list-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 12 38 50
* - Client
- Minimum kernel
- Note
* - RBD
- 5.3, or Enterprise Linux 8.2 (4.19 long-term at the very least)
- Older kernels need :ref:`CRUSH tunables <crush-map-tunables>` and
image features disabled on the cluster.
* - CephFS
- See :ref:`kernel versions for CephFS <cephfs_which_kernel_version>`
-
* - Both
- Use a "stable" or "long-term maintenance" series from kernel.org or
your distribution.
-
The Windows client is best effort, with no full-time maintainer.
For the I/O scheduler setting per drive type, see
:ref:`Storage Devices <hardware-storage-devices>`.
Deployment Method
=================
Deploy Ceph as containers with :ref:`cephadm <cephadm>`. Package installs
(``.deb``, ``.rpm``) are still supported, but containers let you upgrade
Ceph independently of the host's packages.
Upgrading the Host OS
=====================
Upgrade the host OS one node at a time, on a Ceph release that supports both
the old and the new OS. Do not upgrade the OS and Ceph at the same time.
Upgrade Paths
-------------
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| Current OS (EOL) | Target OS (EOL) | Do it on |
+======================================+======================================+===========================+
| CentOS 9 (`May 2027 <CentOS_>`_) | Rocky 10 (`May 2035 <Rocky_>`_) | Tentacle, Umbrella |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| Ubuntu 22.04 (`May 2027 <Ubuntu_>`_) | Ubuntu 24.04 (`May 2029 <Ubuntu_>`_) | Tentacle, Umbrella |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| Ubuntu 24.04 (`May 2029 <Ubuntu_>`_) | Ubuntu 26.04 (`May 2031 <Ubuntu_>`_) | Vampire, W |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| Ubuntu 26.04 (`May 2031 <Ubuntu_>`_) | Ubuntu 28.04 (Jun 2033*) | X, Y |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| Rocky 10 (`May 2035 <Rocky_>`_) | Rocky 11 (May 2038*) | X, Y |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------------------+
Additional Resources
====================
- :ref:`hardware-recommendations`
- `Ceph Releases (general)`_
- :ref:`cephadm_deploying_new_cluster`
.. _CentOS: https://www.centos.org/cl-vs-cs/
.. _Debian_b: https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/
.. _Debian_t: https://www.debian.org/releases/trixie/
.. _Rocky: https://github.com/rocky-linux/wiki.rockylinux.org/blob/main/docs/rocky/version.md
.. _Ubuntu: https://ubuntu.com/about/release-cycle
.. Needs to be an external link because doc/releases/general.rst is not in
stable branches and we want to always use the main branch version
.. _Ceph Releases (general): https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/releases/general/